RBI Governor Signals Potential UPI Fees, Says "Someone Has to Pay"

RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said UPI transaction costs "have to be paid by someone," hinting at possible MDR charges. The government is amending the Payment and Settlement Systems Act to allow fees on select large merchant transactions above ₹2,000, while small shopkeepers and consumer transfers may remain free. He stressed the need to sustain the public digital infrastructure.